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Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin) will be the next discharge after 11.10 and will be a Long Term Support (LTS) make public, programmed to be free on 26 April 2012. The name for the discharge was announced by Shuttleworth on 5 October 2011. Unlike before LTS releases that have been supported for three years for the desktop edition and five years for the server edition, this free will be supported for five years on both.

Following the Ubuntu Developer Summit in early November 2011 Canonical announced that the default download for 12.04 will be 64-bit, with 32-bit still presented as a user choice. Other designed changes for this discharge contain a much quicker start up time for the Ubuntu Software Center and refinements to Unity. This discharge will put back the Banshee media player with Rhythmbox and drop the Tomboy note-taking submission and the supporting Mono framework as well.

In January 2012 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 12.04 would integrate a new Head-Up Display (HUD) characteristic that will allow hotkey searching for function menu substance from the keyboard, without the need for by means of the mouse. Shuttleworth said that the HUD “will eventually restore menus in Unity applications” but for Ubuntu 12.04 at least the menus will continue.

Future releases

Mark Shuttleworth announced on 31 October 2011 that by Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu will maintain smartphones, tablets, TVs and smart screens.

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Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)

The identification of Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat) was announced by Mark Shuttleworth on 2 April 2010, along with the release’s goals of improving the netbook familiarity and a server center on mixture cloud computing. Ubuntu 10.10 was out on 10 October 2010 (10.10.10) at around 10:10 UTC. This is a removal from the conventional plan of releasing at the end of October to get “the great 10″, and a mischievous reference to The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, since, in binary, 101010 is the same to the number 42, the “Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe and Everything” within the sequence. It was Canonical’s 13th make public of Ubuntu. New features built-in the new Unity interface for the Netbook Edition, a new default photograph administrator, Shotwell, replacing F-Spot, the skill to procure applications in the Software Center, and an official Ubuntu font used by default. Maintain of Ubuntu Maverick Meerkat 10.10 was formally dropped on April 10, 2012.

Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)

Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop (Natty Narwhal) by means of Unity.

The identification of Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal) was announced on 17 August 2010 by Mark Shuttleworth. Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal was free on 28 April 2011. It is Canonical’s 14th make public of Ubuntu.

Ubuntu 11.04 used the Unity client interface in its place of GNOME Shell as default. The move to Unity was contentious as some GNOME developers feared it would rupture the the public and marginalize GNOME Shell. The GNOME desktop surroundings is still obtainable in Ubuntu 11.04 beneath the title Ubuntu Classic as a withdraw to Unity.

Ubuntu 11.04 in employment Banshee as the default music player, replacing Rhythmbox. Other new applications incorporated Mozilla Firefox 4 and LibreOffice, which replaced OpenOffice.org. The OpenStack cloud computing display place was additional in this discharge. initial with Ubuntu 11.04, the Ubuntu Netbook Edition was compound into the desktop edition.

In reviewing Ubuntu 11.04 ahead its stable discharge, Ryan Paul of Ars Technica said “There is a lot to similar to in Ubuntu 11.04, but also a lot of room for upgrading.” Jesse Smith of Distrowatch said “I’m of the estimation there are good features in this discharge, but 11.04 positively suffered from being hurried out the door even as it was motionless beta quality. Ubuntu aims to be novice-friendly, but this make public is buggy and I think they missed the mark this time approximately. I’m restraining my reference of 11.04 to people who want to participate with an early discharge of Unity.”

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Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)

Ubuntu 11.10 last discharge (13 October 2011) running Unity 4.22.0

The designation of Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot) was announced on 7 March 2011 by Mark Shuttleworth. He explained that Oneiric way “dreamy”. Ubuntu 11.10 was out on program on 13 October 2011 and is Canonical’s 15th make public of Ubuntu.

In April 2011 Shuttleworth announced that Ubuntu 11.10 would not consist of the classic GNOME desktop as a fall back to Unity, unlike Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal. In its place, 11.10 will contain a 2D version of Unity as a fallback for computers that lack the hardware assets for the Compiz-based 3D version. However, the classic GNOME desktop vestiges vacant as a fallback in Ubuntu 11.10 from side to side a package in the Ubuntu repositories. Shuttleworth also established that Unity in Ubuntu 11.10 will run as a shell for GNOME 3 on top of GNOME 3 libraries, different in Ubuntu 11.04 where it ran as a casing for GNOME 2. Moreover, users will also be able to put in the whole GNOME 3 stack along with GNOME Shell straightforwardly from the Ubuntu repositories, to be offered with a “GNOME 3 desktop” choice at login. During the expansion cycle, there also have been many changes to Unity, as well as the appointment of the Ubuntu button on the Launcher in its place of on the Panel, the auto trouncing of the window controls (and the global menu) of maximized windows, the opening of more transparency into the Dash (and the Panel if the Dash is opened), and the preamble of window controls for the Dash.

In May 2011 it was announced that PiTiVi would be no longer branch of the Ubuntu ISO, early with Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot. The reasons given for removing it built-in reduced user treatment, be short of of fit with the evade user-case for Ubuntu, lack of clean and the application’s need of progress middle age. PiTiVi will not be replaced on the ISO with a new video editor. Other changes consist of removing Computer Janitor, as it caused wrecked systems for users, and the confiscation of the Synaptic package manager, which can optionally be installed via the Ubuntu Software Center. Déjà Dup has been extra as Ubuntu’s support program.^[123] Mozilla Thunderbird has replaced the Evolution email client. All detached applications will continue available to users for setting up from the Ubuntu Software Center and Repositories.

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Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft), out on 26 October 2006, was Canonical’s fifth make public of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 6.10’s sustain ended on 25 April 2008. Ubuntu 6.10 supplementary several new features including a a great deal modified Human theme, Upstart init daemon, computerized crash intelligence (Apport), Tomboy note taking relevance, and F-Spot photo manager. EasyUbuntu, a third party line up designed to make Ubuntu easier to use, was incorporated in Ubuntu 6.10 as a meta-package.

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn), unconstrained on 19 April 2007, was Canonical’s sixth make public of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.04’s sustain ended on 19 October 2008. Ubuntu 7.04 built-in several new features, among them a movement assistant to help former Microsoft Windows users switch to Ubuntu, support for Kernel-based Virtual Machine, assisted codec and classified drivers installation including Adobe Flash, Java, MP3 support, easier fixing of Nvidia and ATI drivers, Compiz desktop effects, support for Wi-Fi Protected Access, the count of Sudoku and chess, a disk usage analyzer (baobab), GNOME Control Center, and Zeroconf maintain for many procedure. Ubuntu 7.04 drop support for PowerPC construction.

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)

Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron)

Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron), out on 24 April 2008, was Canonical’s eighth make public of Ubuntu and the second Long Term Support (LTS) make public. Ubuntu 8.04’s maintain ended on 12 May 2011 for desktops and will finish in April 2013 for servers. Ubuntu 8.04 included some new features, among them Tracker desktop exploration assimilation, Brasero disk burner, Transmission BitTorrent client, Vinagre VNC customer, classification sound through PulseAudio, and Active Directory verification and login using Likewise Open. In addition Ubuntu 8.04 built-in updates for better Tango compliance, a choice of Compiz usability improvement, mechanical grabbing and release of the mouse pointer when successively on a VMware virtual engine, and an easier way to get rid of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 8.04 was the first edition of Ubuntu to contain the Wubi installer on the Live CD that allows Ubuntu to be installed as a single folder on a Windows hard drive exclusive of the require to repartition the disk.

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Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon), unconstrained on 18 October 2007, was Canonical’s seventh make public of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 7.10’s support ended on 18 April 2009. Ubuntu 7.10 built-in numerous fresh features, among them AppArmor safety structure, fast desktop search, a Firefox plug-in manager (Ubufox), a graphical arrangement device for X.Org, full NTFS support (read/write) via NTFS-3G, and a revamp printing str

ucture with PDF printing by default. Compiz Fusion was enabled as default in Ubuntu 7.10 and Fast user switching was added.

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). The default wallpaper depicts an Ibex, with its huge rounded horns.

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex), out on 30 October 2008, was Canonical’s ninth make public of Ubuntu. Support finished on 30 April 2010. Ubuntu 8.10 introduced a number of new features together with improvements to portable computing and desktop scalability, amplified elasticity for Internet connectivity, an Ubuntu Live USB creator and a visitor account, which permitted others to use a computer allowing very some degree of user rights (e.g. accessing the Internet, using software and checking e-mail). The visitor account had its personal home folder and nothing done on it was stored enduringly on the computer’s hard disk. Intrepid Ibex also built-in an encrypted personal index for users, the insertion of Dynamic Kernel Module Support, a tool that allows kernel drivers to be robotically rebuilt when new kernels are out and support for creating USB flash drive images.

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)

Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope), out on 23 April 2009, was Canonical’s tenth make public of Ubuntu. Support finished on 23 October 2010. New features built-in quicker boot time, incorporation of web services and applications into the desktop interface. It had a latest usplash screen, a fresh login screen and also sustain for both Wacom (hotplugging) and netbooks. It also built-in a new notification system, Notify OSD, and themes. It patent the first time that all of Ubuntu’s core growth moved to the Bazaar distributed revision control system.

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Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx)

Shuttleworth first announced Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) on 19 September 2009 at the Atlanta Linux Fest; Canonical out it on 29 April 2010. It is Canonical’s 12th make public of Ubuntu and the third LTS release. Canonical intends to supply support for Ubuntu 10.04 until April 2013 for the desktop edition, and until April 2015 for the server edition. The same dates apply to Kubuntu 10.04, which is built on KDE.

The latest release includes, among other things, enhanced maintain for Nvidia proprietary graphics drivers, while switching to the open resource Nvidia graphics driver, Nouveau, by default. Plymouth was also introduced allowing boot animations.

GIMP was detached from the Lucid installation CD due to its professional-grade complication and its file size. F-Spot provides normal user-level graphics-editing capabilities and GIMP remains accessible for download in the repositories.

The sharing emphasizes the latest meaning of web services and social networking with integrated interfaces for redistribution to sites like Facebook and Twitter, complementing the IM and email integration already in Ubuntu.

On 4 March 2010, it was announced that Lucid Lynx would mark a latest theme, including up-to-the-minute logos, taking Ubuntu’s fresh visual style into account:

The new style in Ubuntu is encouraged by the idea of “Light”.

We’re strained to Light because it denotes both tenderness and clarity, and intrigued by the plan that “light” is a fine value in software. Excellent software is “light” in the logic that it uses your resources efficiently, runs quickly, and can simply be reshaped as needed. Ubuntu represents a shatter with the bloatware of proprietary operating systems and an chance to delight to those who use computers for job and play. More and more of our interactions are powered by light, and in upcoming, our processing supremacy will depend on our ability to occupation with light, too.

Visually, light is gorgeous, light is unearthly, light brings intelligibility and calm.

Historical outlook: From 2004–2010, the theme in Ubuntu was “Human”. Our tagline was “Linux for Human Beings” and we used a palette insightful of the complete array of civilization. Our center as a plan was bringing Linux from the information center into the lives of our friends and global family.

Significant responses to the new theme have been mixed. Ars Technica’s Ryan Paul said “The new themes and simplified color palette are fastidious upgrading for Ubuntu… After trying the new theme for a number of hours, I feel like it’s a step ahead, but it still falls a bit undersized of my prospect.” Paul also noted that the most contentious aspect of the new plan amongst users has been the position of the window manages buttons on the left as a substitute of the right side of the windows. TechSource’s Jun Auza articulated apprehension that the latest theme is too close to that used by Apple’s Mac OS X: “I think Ubuntu is having an characteristics predicament right now and should fatally believe changing several things in expressions of look and feel to pass up being identified as a Mac OS X rip-off, or not as good as, get sued by Apple.” Auza also summarized Ubuntu user criticism: “I consider the fans are separated right now. Some have educated to adore the brown color scheme from the time when it exclusively represents Ubuntu, while others required change.”

The initial point release 10.04.1 was made accessible on 17 August 2010, the second renew 10.04.2 was out on 17 February 2011, the third renew 10.04.3 was out on 21 July 2011, the fourth and final revise, 10.04.4, was out 16 February 2012.

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Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)

Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala), out on 29 October 2009, was Canonical’s 11th make public of Ubuntu. It was supported until April 2011.

In an notice to the public on 20 February 2009, Mark Shuttleworth explained that 9.10 would center of attention on improvements in cloud computing on the server using Eucalyptus, additional improvements in boot swiftness as well as growth on the Netbook Remix.

The initial pronouncement of edition 9.10 indicated that this make public might take account of a new theme, however the plan was moved ahead to 10.04, and only minor revisions were prepared to the default theme. Other graphical improvements built-in a new set of boot up and shutdown splash screens, a new login screen that transitions without a glitch into the desktop and greatly better presentation on Intel graphics chipsets.

In June 2009 Canonical produced the One Hundred Paper Cuts project, focusing developers to fix slight usability issues. A paper cut is distinct as: “a irrelevantly fixable usability bug that the standard user would meet on his/her first day of using a brand new setting up of the latest version of Ubuntu Desktop Edition.”

The desktop setting up of Ubuntu 9.10 replaced Pidgin with Empathy Instant Messenger as its default instant messaging customer. The default filesystem is ext4, and the Ubuntu One client, which interfaces with Canonical’s new online storage system, is installed by default and intrigued by the plan. It also debuted a new claim called the Ubuntu Software Center that unifies package organization.

F-Spot provides normal user-level graphics-editing capabilities and GIMP remains accessible for download in the repositories.

Canonical stated their objective for this purpose to replace Add/Remove Programs (gnome-app-install) in 9.10 and possibly Synaptic, Software Sources, Gdebi and Update Manager in Ubuntu 10.04. Karmic Koala also includes a slideshow during the setting up procedure (through ubiquity-slideshow) that highlights applications and features in Ubuntu.

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Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog), out on 8 April 2005, was Canonical’s second make public of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.04’s support ended on 31 October 2006. Ubuntu 5.04 additional many new features including an update manager, improve notified, readahead and grepmap, postpone, hibernate and standby support, dynamic frequency scaling for processors, Ubuntu hardware database, Kickstart setting up, and APT confirmation. Ubuntu 5.04 allowable setting up from USB devices. Ubuntu 5.04 used UTF-8 by default.

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger), out on 12 October 2005, was Canonical’s third make public of Ubuntu. Ubuntu 5.10’s support ended on 13 April 2007. Ubuntu 5.10 new several original features including a graphical boot loader (Usplash), an Add/Remove Applications tool, a menu editor (alacarte), an effortless language selector, logical volume management sustain, full Hewlett-Packard printer sustain, OEM installer sustain, a new Ubuntu emblem in the top-left, and Launchpad combination for bug treatment and software expansion.

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), out on 1 June 2006, is Canonical’s fourth discharge, and the first Long Term Support (LTS) make public. Ubuntu 6.06 was out behind schedule, having been planned as 6.04. Development was not full in April 2006 and Mark Shuttleworth agreed slipping the free date to June, creation it 6.06 instead.

Ubuntu 6.06’s sustain ruined on 14 July 2009 for desktops and finished in June 2011 for servers. Ubuntu 6.06 built-in some new features, together with having the Live CD and Install CD combined onto one disc, a graphical installer on Live CD (Ubiquity), Usplash on power failure as well as put in place, a set of connections administrator for easy switching of numerous wired and wireless associations, Humanlooks theme implement using Tango guiding principle, based on Clearlooks and featuring orange colors as a substitute of brown, and GDebi graphical installer for package files. Ubuntu 6.06 did not comprise a means to establish from a USB device, but did for the first time allow equipment directly onto detachable USB devices.

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Release of Ubuntu are made semi-annually by Canonical Ltd, this are the developers of the Ubuntu OS, using the year and month of the release as aversion number. The first Ubuntu release was Ubuntu 4.10 and this was on 20^th of October 2004. Consequently, version numbers for future versions are interim; if the release is delayed until a different month to that planned, the version number changes in view of that. Ubuntu issues are timed to be roughly one month after GNOME releases, which are in turn about one month after releases of X.Org, resulting in each Ubuntu release including a newer version of GNOME and X. To date every fourth release, in the second quarter of even-numbered years, has been labelled as a Long Term Support (LTS) release, indicating that it has updates for three years for desktop use and five years for server, with paid technical support also available from Canonical Ltd. Releases 6.06, 8.04, and 10.04 are the LTS releases. Non-LTS releases have stereotypically been supported for 18 months, and to date have always been supported until at least the date of the next LTS release. Therefore, users who have a non-LTS release can still safely set the Update Manager to notify about “LTS releases only” if they wish.

Identification Concord

Ubuntu releases are also given code names, using an adjective and an animal with the same first letter (e.g. Dapper Drake). With the exclusion of the first two releases, code names are in alphabetical order, allowing a quick fortitude of which release is newer. Generally, Ubuntu releases are often referred to using only the adjective portion of the code name (e.g. Feisty).

Publication Antiquity

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)

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Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog), released on 20 October 2004, was Canonicals’ first release of Ubuntu, building upon Debian  with plans for a new release every six months and eighteen months of support thereafter. Ubuntu 4.10’s support ended on 30 April 2006. Ubuntu 4.10 was the first version of Ubuntu to offer Ship It services, allowing users to order free install CDs.

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