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Check each partitions, in order, and make sure that it matches what you intended to enter. When you’re satisfied, use the Tab key to select the OK button and then press Enter.

The Save Changes dialog box appears.

If you’re satisfied with the partitions that you have created. Select Yes.

Until you select the Yes button, you have not actually written any partitions to disk. You do have the option to select the No Button, which takes you to Step 9. If you Select Cancel, you return  to the Desk Druid dialog box with all of your partitions still in place.

If you have an older system with less than 32MB of memory, then you see the Low Memory dialog box. This dialog box tells you that the Red Hat installation process will format and activate the swap partition immediately. Select Yes to continue.

In the Choose Partitions to Format dialog box, choose either to format or not to format each of your partitions.

The default is to format. If this is your first time installation or you want to start with a completely fresh one, then tab down to the Ok button and press Enter.

If you’re are installing Linux and you want to save the information stored on such partitions such as/home or /usr/local, then Tab down to those menu items and press the Space bar to deselect the asterisks. From there tab to Ok and press Enter.

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Accessorizing Linux

In This Chapter

>Discovering which Linux distribution is the one for you

>Getting Linux for free or not

>Using Linux `a la MS-DOS or Windows

>Examining text editors

>Making the most of email interfaces

>Marveling at multimedia programs

>Cavorting with commercial programs

The first accompanying CD-ROM (CDI) is based on Red Hat Linux, which is an excellent distribution. Some people, however, prefer other distributions. Several Linux distributions are available, and each one differs in certain ways, such as the manner in which you install and manage the distribution. We list some of these distributions in this chapter, in case you want to investigate them later. We also show you some text editors and mail interfaces, and demonstrate a few other programs, just to whet your appetite. (In other chapters, we cover these programs in greater detail.)

A distribution is the combination of the Linux kernel, supporting software, and the organization of all the files and directories. Companies like Red Hat add their own innovations and charge for the convenience of getting the total package on CD-ROM. Other non-profit organizations like Debian develop their own distribution and merely charge for the media. In many ways, distributions are like a favorite flavor of ice cream governed by personal preference. We say try them all!!

The passwd command allows the user to create or change a password. This feature is also helpful if there are multiple users and security is a concern. There is a functionality called password expiration. This will also work great for temporary users or contractual employees. This functionality will require the user to renew or change the password after a preset amount of time. Temporary user accounts can also be set with actual user expiration.

For Red Hat-based Linux system, again use the userconf command (as root), such as this: # userconf &

Navigate to the User dialog box, and click on the Params tab.

Use this tab to indicate the number of days before password must be modified, how long a user account is good for, when the warnings of impending expirations are going to show up, and the amount of time an account or password is good after a warning has been issued.

SuSE Linux administrators can turn to the yast command’s user dialog box. But you must press the F6 key when inputting the user’s name.

Use this dialog box in the same way as you would operate userconf’s controls. When you are done, use the Tab key to highlight the Continue button in order to return to user configuration.

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GNOME is a desktop environment that is independent and self-supporting in terms of how it controls interactivity between applications and other features. GNOME works with a variety of window managers. The window manager is what controls the window borders, window decorations, and the functionality of those windows. Currently there are about three or four window managers that are considered GNOME compliant. Being GNOME compliant means much more than simply being able to run with GNOME; it also means being aware of GNOME and want GNOME offers. This includes session management, desktop settings, and interactivity with applications such as GNOME Pager.

The Default Window Manager for this release of Red Hat Linux is a window manager called Enlightenment. Within this manager is a tool that allows configuration.

To launch the Enlightenment configuration tool, you may access the GNOME Control Center and choose the Window Manager Capplet from the Desktop group. If Enlightenment was activated as your window manager, you may run E-conf by clicking the Run Configuration tool for Enlightenment button.

Another way to launch E-conf is by clicking your middle mouse button or both mouse buttons, if you have emulation, on the desktop and choosing the Enlightenment Configuration item from the pop-up menu.

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Strictly speaking the file still has not moved.  The data bits are still on the same part of the disk where they were in the first place originally.  The file specification ( the-directory-path plus the filename) that you use to talk about the file is different so that it appears to have moved , whereas it has not in actuality.

In early versions of Unix , the users were not allowed to use mv to move a file from one disk partition to another , you could only copy it ny using the  cp(1) command.  Linux allows you to use the mv command to move a file anyplace.  Normally , mv leaves the data in place and just changes the file name or the directory where the name is placed.  But when the file is moved across the disk partitions ( for example form /usr to /home in a lot of Linux systems) , the data is copied to the new disk partition, the new name is put in place.  In that partition’s directory structure, and the name and file data are removed from the old disk partition.

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The command for moving and opying directories and files are mv for moving and cp for copy.  If you want to rename a file,  you can use the move command .  No you are not really moving the file, but in both Linux and Unix , the developers realized that renaming something was a lot like moving it .

Hence the format of the move command is    my < source>  <destination>

With the example files, you could move the file named stupidkirk to a file named  evenmorestupid  by executing the following command

mv  stupidkirk evenmorestupid

This leaves the file in the same directory, but changes its name to  evenmorestupid .

Hence the file is not moved – it is just simply renamed .

Next you can try moving the evenmorestupid  file to the top of the stupidpeople directory.  To do this you first have to move the file up and then move it to the stupidpeople  directory.

This can be done with one simple command :

mv evenmorestupid ../ stupidpeople

Lastly note that the destination file uses the ..( or parent) directory designation.  This tells Linux to go up one directory level and look for a directory called stupidpeople . and then put the file into that directory with the name stupidpeople,  as you did not specify any other name.

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On top of this the United Linux participants were to include supplementary media which would of provided easy opportunities which would allow easy configuration and even branding of the distributions look feel install applications and value added services.  The obvious point in this was – apart from the branding is that each of partners could produce task or region or regions specific offerings that still adhered to the United Linux overall specifications and specs .

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These individual distros and their partners hoped that other distros of Linux would be marked under their respective brands, but would be powered by a consistent United Linux which mean that the user could be confident that the user would be published with a United Linux and thus a measure of consistency and user functionally would easily exist across a customer and user base – for the first time in the Linux unix user base and communities.

Thus the UI ( United Linux) brand would thus of reduced the amount of mainstream Linux distros to the well managed group of five (5) – that at the time being Red Hat, Mandrake , United ,Debian and Slackware. The bets were on that time that in the enterprise sector tht Re Hat and United Linux would come to dominate. Well at the time those were the predictions of the Linux market share dominant distros.

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In June 2002 four of the largest Linux distribution vendors joined forces to break down what they had identified as the main barriers to the widespread adoption of Linux in an enterprise- Caldera , SuSE, Conectiva and TurboLinux announced that they would collaborate on a common Linux fore to create the next generation of a Linux Distribution ( distro) to make deploying and supporting software easier and resolve the common problem of binary incompatibility between Linux distributions.

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desktop linux users doubled

Some great news from desktop linux.com! They recently revealed the desktop survey results. The facts are there, the number of desktop linux users has doubled the last year!

And what is the desktop linux users distribution of choice? The Ubuntu family (Xubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Studio, Edubuntu) leads on, and SuSe is the second runner up.

The survey shows us that more and more people are trying out a GNU/Linux distro, more and more people are getting aware that they can choose their OS. Up until Dell started to cooperate with Ubuntu, we had to accept that a PC you ordered came with a MS OS install (unless you bought parts and built your own pc).

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