Applying the passwd command

The passwd command allows the user to create or change a password. This feature is also helpful if there are multiple users and security is a concern. There is a functionality called password expiration. This will also work great for temporary users or contractual employees. This functionality will require the user to renew or change the password after a preset amount of time. Temporary user accounts can also be set with actual user expiration.

For Red Hat-based Linux system, again use the userconf command (as root), such as this: # userconf &

Navigate to the User dialog box, and click on the Params tab.

Use this tab to indicate the number of days before password must be modified, how long a user account is good for, when the warnings of impending expirations are going to show up, and the amount of time an account or password is good after a warning has been issued.

SuSE Linux administrators can turn to the yast command’s user dialog box. But you must press the F6 key when inputting the user’s name.

Use this dialog box in the same way as you would operate userconf’s controls. When you are done, use the Tab key to highlight the Continue button in order to return to user configuration.

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GNOME desktops and areas

GNOME supports the use of multiple desktop areas, and for the advanced user, multiple desktops. The control over these areas and desktop is actually done by the window manager. The Enlightenment Configuration tool permits modification of areas and desktops you have use of in your work environment.

The Desktops Section of E-conf has two main tools that allow one to change the areas and desktops you work with. The first tool is the Size of the Virtual Screen. This will control the number of desktop areas. Desktop areas are really just one big screen broken into many “virtual areas”. This advantage to using virtual areas over multiple desktops is that drag and drop on the desktop will work across areas as will work being done in applications such as the GNOME File Manager. To use this tool slide the two sliders until you have the number of virtual areas, across and down, that you wish to use.

The second tool is the Separate Desktops, which permits one to set the number of desktops you wish to use. Unlike desktops areas these are completely separate desktops. To use this tool move the slider up or down until you have the number of desktops you wish to use.

One good way to visualize your multiple areas or desktops situation is to ascertain you have the GNOME Pager running. The GNOME Pager will display the number of areas and desktops you have and the location of those apps are within those spaces. The GNOME Pager may also be used to navigate from area to area and desktop to desktop.

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Launching GNOME desktop environment

GNOME is a desktop environment that is independent and self-supporting in terms of how it controls interactivity between applications and other features. GNOME works with a variety of window managers. The window manager is what controls the window borders, window decorations, and the functionality of those windows. Currently there are about three or four window managers that are considered GNOME compliant. Being GNOME compliant means much more than simply being able to run with GNOME; it also means being aware of GNOME and want GNOME offers. This includes session management, desktop settings, and interactivity with applications such as GNOME Pager.

The Default Window Manager for this release of Red Hat Linux is a window manager called Enlightenment. Within this manager is a tool that allows configuration.

To launch the Enlightenment configuration tool, you may access the GNOME Control Center and choose the Window Manager Capplet from the Desktop group. If Enlightenment was activated as your window manager, you may run E-conf by clicking the Run Configuration tool for Enlightenment button.

Another way to launch E-conf is by clicking your middle mouse button or both mouse buttons, if you have emulation, on the desktop and choosing the Enlightenment Configuration item from the pop-up menu.

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